Manual Exposure Settings The automatic exposure setting system of the IC

Beseler Topcon
posted 7-16-'03

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Manual Exposure Settings
The automatic exposure setting system of the IC. 1 can be overridden very easily, in which case, exposure settings can be set freely.
The exposure meter can still be used for taking exposure readings at shutter speeds from 1/500 to 1/8 sec. but not at the slower shutter speeds, and B (bulb). Readings taken at 1/8 sec., however, can be readjusted by stopping down the lens opening by the same number of steps as the exposure time is increased.
Manual exposure settings are effective when the subject or point of interest is not centrally located, or has too much contrast, or if a certain mood or effect is desired.

1. Set the shutter speed ring to one of the shutter speeds from 1/500 to 1/8 sec., but move the aperture ring off AUTO. (To do so, press the release lever in and rotate the ring at the same time.)

2. Point the lens at the subject or point of interest and read the setting indicated on the aperture scale in the finder. If the exposure needle is in the warning area, or pointing to a f/number faster than the maximum aperture of the lens, shift the shutter speed within the 1/500 to 1/8 sec. range.

3. Transfer the indicated aperture setting to the aperture ring, so that it is opposite the aperture index (orange-colored dot). The setting can be modified, at this time, if some special effect is desired. Or, the lens opening can be stopped down for greater depth of field effect, in which case, the exposure time must be increased by the same number of steps.

4. Or, set any shutter speed that you consider appropriate for the subject, including slow shutter speeds from 1/4 to 1 sec., or even B. and a suitable f/number, with the exposure determined from the exposure chart included with film, previous experience, or by experimentation.

Shutter Speeds
Full numbers are engraved on the shutter speed ring, from 1 to 500, as well as B. The numbers represent the shutter speeds, or, in other words, 500 is 1/500 sec. and 1 is 1 sec. B is for bulb and the shutter stays open as long as the release button is depressed, in this case. Larger numbers are, therefore, faster than smaller numbers and each larger number keeps the shutter open for 1/2 as long as the next number.

Shutter speeds are electronically-controlled with a precision integrated circuit (IC) control system, for obtaining precisely controlled shutter speeds required in exacting exposure conditions.

Choice of shutter speed is not only dependent on lighting conditions but also on the need for stopping action, or--

(1) A faster speed is required for a speedier object.
(2) A faster speed is needed for movement nearer the camera.
(3) A faster speed is required for a subject moving parallel to the camera, while a slower speed may be used for movement towards or away from the camera.
(4) The degree of stopping, or "freezing", the action will also determine the speed to be used.

Lens Openings

The lens opening controls the amount of light that passes through the lens to the film plane, while the shutter is opened. The apertures or lens openings, called f/numbers, also, have exposure ratios as noted following:--

As can be seen, the larger numbers on the aperture ring are the smaller lens openings and permit only 1/2 the amount of light of the next smaller number.

IMPORTANT

1. Although the exposure meter cannot be used for readings at shutter speeds 1/4 to 1 second, and B (bulb), or the green-colored shutter speeds, the aperture reading obtained with the meter for 1/8 second can be readjusted for these speeds. In other words, readjust the aperture reading by stopping down the lens opening by the same number of steps as the exposure time is increased, or--

Shutter speed: 1/8--1/4--1/2-- 1 Aperture : 5.6--8 --11--22

2. The exposure reading can be unsuitable even when the exposure needle is not in the warning areas. This is so when a fast film is used at a slow shutter speed or a slow film is used at a fast shutter speed.

Specifically, the following combinations should not be used:--

f/2 and 1/125 sec. for ASA 3200 film
f/2 and 1/60 sec. for ASA 1600 film
f/2 and 1/30 sec. for ASA 800 film
f/2 and 1/15 sec. for ASA 400 film
f/2 and 1/8 sec. for ASA 200 film
f/2 and 1/4 sec. for ASA 100 film
f/2 and 1/2 sec. for ASA 50 film
f/22 and 1/500 sec
f/2 and 1/1 sec.
f/22 and 1/250 see for ASA 25 film

Depth of Field

1. When the maximum aperture is used for taking the picture, it will be seen that objects before and behind the main subject (or focused plane) will not be seen as sharply focused as the main subject.
2. When a smaller lens opening is used, however, for taking the same picture, it will be seen that some objects before and behind the main point of interest are also seen sharply. This zone of "apparent" sharpness is the depth of field.
3. The depth of field is greater behind the focused subject and shallower before but grows progressively equal as the focusing distance grows shorter. The depth of field also grows greater as the focused distance is increased and less as the camera-to-subject distance is decreased.
The depth of field also increases when the wide angle lens is used and decreases when the telephoto lens is used.

4. The depth of field is greater as the aperture is closed down and less as the lens diaphragm is opened up. In other words, the wide-open aperture of the fully automatic lens always shows the least depth of field (besides being very bright) and is valuable for precise, fast focusing.
5. The depth of field scale is used for a quick check of the depth of field.
For example, if the lens opening is f/11 with a focused distance of 10m (30 ft.), the distances opposite f/11 on both sides of the scale will show that the depth of field is from about 4m (13ft.) to infinity. Should an aperture of f/16 be used, however, the zone will be seen to extend from about 3m (10.5 ft.) to infinity.
6. Or, the scale may also be used for covering two subjects at different distances. If the near subject is 2m (7 ft.) and the farther 8m (27ft.), revolve the distance focusing ring until these distances are opposite identical apertures (about f/16, in this case) and use this lens opening.

The actual distance to the subject is measured from the film plane indicator position on the camera's top deck.

Depth of Field (Table) Depth of Field Table (Feet)

Film Unloading

1. If the winding lever does not move easily, check the exposure counter. If it shows that the last exposure has been taken, do not advance the film any more or you will tear it out of its cartridge.
Depress the rewind button, in order that the exposed film can be rewound back into its original cartridge.

2. Unfold the rewind crank and revolve in the arrow indicated direction.
Rewind smoothly and evenly because erratic or very fast rewinding may cause static electricity marks on the film.
Rewind until tension lessens, as the film slips out of the take-up spool, and then stop. Do not rewind the leading end back into the cartridge.

3. Pull up the rewind knob to open the back cover and then let the film cartridge fall out, by pulling the rewind knob up once more.
Bend the leading end of the film, as a sign that the film has been exposed, and return it to its original package until development.

Infrared Index - CLICK HER TO SEE IR MARK AND PHOTO EXAMPLE
The infrared index is the orange-colored line on the depth of field scale, with an orange "R".
When using infrared film, focus in the normal manner (say, the distance is 10m (30 ft.)), and then shift the distance thus obtained to the infrared index, as shown.

Such adjustments are required to retain sharpness on the infrared film because the invisible infrared wave lengths are longer than the visible wave lengths seen by the naked eye (and used for focusing).

The ratio of infrared wave length in the visible light is variable and, therefore, no exposure indexes can be given for taking exposure readings, in this case. In any case, shots should be made, according to the instruction sheet furnished with the film.

Lens Exchange

Seven Topcor lenses, consisting of one standard lens and six interchangeable lenses, including a 87 ~205mm zoom lens, are available for the TOPCON IC 1 and may be used interchanged, with a common bayonet mount permitting simple, accurate and speedy exchanges of the complete lens.

The Topcor interchangeable lenses have a special coating for cutting ultra-violet (UV) rays and thus give breath-taking true-to-life color renditions of outdoor scenes and eliminate the need for a UV filter outdoors in black-and-white work.

All interchangeable Topcor lenses have fully automatic instant reopening lens diaphragm action and are coupled for complete automatic exposure (AK) settings and quick-as-a-wink mirror action, when attached to the camera.

Use the front lens cap to protect the front lens element and the rear lens cap, for protecting the rear lens element, when the lens is detached from the camera.

1. To remove the lens from the camera body, press the lens locking lever, which will disengage the lens locking system. Rotate the lens counter-clockwise until it stops and lift it out gently.

2. To attach the lens to the camera body, line up the orange aperture index dot with the orange dot on the rim of the body mount and insert the lens carefully.
When well-seated, revolve clock-wise until it stops and clicks into position.

CLICK HERE TO SEE THE VARIETY OF TOPCOR LENSES

2x Auto Tele Converter Three element tele converter designed exclusively for use with the 100mm f/4, 135mm f/4 and 200 mm f/4 Topcor telephoto lenses, with these lenses being extended 2 x or to 200 mm, 270 mm and 400 mm focal lengths respectively. There is no loss of automatic exposure operations or full aperture exposure measurements.

Flash Photography

1. Simply mount the flash gun, in the accessory shoe and insert the flash cord plug into the flash socket for flash photography with Class M flash bulbs.
Use flash illumination when available light is not sufficient for taking pictures at the desired speed or aperture, for filling in shadows or when there is hardly any light at all.
2. A lightweight electronic flash unit can also be used in the accessory shoe, with the connector cord plug also inserted into the flash socket. Larger units should be used with brackets, fixed to the bottom of the camera with the fixing screw.

Electronic flash units are suitable for those who require flash illumination quite often.

3. For using flash bulbs and electronic flash units, the camera should be used at the following speeds.

Electronic flash units can be used at shutter speeds 1/60 sec. (red-colored index) and slower, and Class M bulbs can also be used at shutter speeds at 1/15 sec. and slower.

Electronic flash units do not have great light intensity but have a fast stopping action of 1/1000 sec. or faster, which will stop most actions.

Class M bulbs have great light output in spite of their small sizes and, thus can be recommended when maximum light output is needed.

4. The camera will not work on AUTO, in flash photography.

The flash calculator on the back of the flash gun can be used for finding the aperture to be used for the flash-to-subject distance.

To select the correct aperture, without the flash calculator, find the guide number (from the instruction sheet furnished with the flash bulb or electronic flash unit) and divide it by the distance from the flash to the subject.

With a guide number of 50 and a distance of 3 meters, the aperture will be f/16 for a room of average brightness or size. Adjust for larger, darker, brighter or smaller rooms.

Accessories

1. Lens Hoods

Used for eliminating stray light which might effect the brilliance and clarity of the picture, as well as protecting the lens surface from rain or snow, which could cause distortion. Always use the proper lens hood for the lens. The 135 mm and 200 mm lenses have built-in lens hoods which are simply pulled out for use.

2. Close-Up Attachment Lenses

Used on the filter mount of the lens for shooting at closer subject-to-camera distances than possible with the unassisted lens. Available in 49 mm and 67 mm mounts. Two close-up lenses may be used in combination, for closer focusing. The smallest possible aperture must be used to increase the depth of field and to improve reproduction around the edges.

Focusing Distances with Close-up Lenses Unit: Meter Unit: Feet

No. O Close-UP Lens
UV Topcor f/4 28mm1.8~0.28 5.91~0.91
UV Topcor f/3.5 35mm1.5~0.31 4.92~1.02
H 1 Toncor f/2 50mm1.5~0.47 4.92~1.54
UV Topcor f/4lOOmm1.5~0.8 4.92~2.62
UV Topcor f/4 135mm1.56~0.91 5.09~3.0
No. 1 Close-Up Lens
UV Toncor f/4 28mm0.71~0.22 2.35~0.72
UV Toncor f/3.5 35mm0.74~0.28 2.43~0.92
H 1 Topcor f/2 50mm 0.73~0.38 2.39~1.25
UV Toncor f/4 100mm 0.75~0.54 2.46~1.77
UV Topcor f/4 135mm 0.79~0.61 2.66~2.0
UV Topcor f/4 200mm 6.4~4.3 21 ~14.1

No. 2 Close-Up Lens
UV Topcor f/4 28mm 0.37~0.17 1.21~0.56
UV Toncor f,'3.5 35mm 0.44~0.24 1.44~0.79
H 1 Topcor f/2 50mm 0.43~0.3 1.41~0.98
UV Topcor f/4 100mm 0.45~0.38 1.48~1.25
UV Topcor f/4 200mm 4.4~2.3 14.4~7.55

No. l+No. 2 Close-Up Lenses
UV Topcor f/4 28mm 0.27~0.13 0.90~0.44
UV Topcor f/3.5 35mm 0.32~0.22 1.05~0.72
H 1 Topcor f/2 50mm 0.32~0.25 1.05~0.82
UV Toncor f/4lOOmm 0.34~0.3 1.12~0.98

UV Topcor f/4 200mm 2.26~1.76 7.41~5.77

3. Eyepiece Adaptor
Is slipped into the attachment groves on both sides of the finder eyepiece frame, for using Magnifier and Angle View Finder. Permits these accessories to be flipped up, for normal viewing.

4. Magnifier
Is screwed into the eyepiece adapter and used for 2.5x enlargement of a 12mm spot in the center of the field of view, for precise focusing in close-up shooting and photomicrography. Has an adjustable eyepiece for making +3 to --3 diopter adjust meets, for increasing accuracy.

5. Angle View Finder
Also screwed into eyepiece adapter and used for view-focusing at right angle to the optical axis, in low shooting positions, close-ups and photomicrography. Also has +3 to--3 diopter adjustments of the eyepiece.

6. Microscope Attachment, Model
For connection of camera body to microscope in photomicrography, up to 400 x magnification. Suit. able for focusing stage microscopes, with drawtube of 25 mm outer diameter and 10x ocular. Sepal rates into two, for changing oculars or for continuing observation.
7. Telescope Adapter Set
Three ring set for connecting camera body to telescope in astrophotography. Can be connected to telescopes with drawtubes of 30.2 mm and 36.2 mm outer diameters or with T mount adapter.

8. RE Mount Adapter
The accessory has a TOPCON IC-1 male bayonet mount on the rear end and a TOPCON Super DO female bayonet mount on the front end. Thus, the user may attach interchangeable lenses and accessories, prepared for the TOPCON RE Super, Super D and Super DM, to the IC-1, with this accessory

a. RE Macro Auto Topcor 58mm f/3.5 Lens
Macrophotography from 0.3x to 0.8x is possible when this lens is attached to the IC- I, via the adapter.
b. Macro Topcor 30 mm f/3.5 Lens - MT-1 Adapter! Bellows, Model IV
When this special lens is attached to the IC-1, via the 5.8 mm thickness bayonet mount adapter and Model IV Bellows, macrophotography from 2.6 x to 7.6 x is possible.

c. Macro Topcor 30mm f/3 5 Lens+MT-2 Adapter+ Bellows, Model IV When the 65 mm thickness MT-2 adapter is used in place of the 5.8 mm thickness adapter, in the preceding combination, macrophotography from 4.6 x to 9.6 x becomes possible.
d. Macro Topcor 58 mm f/3.5 Lens + Focusing Ex. tensilon Tube
This combination on the IC-1 via the adapter also makes macrophotography in the range 0.3 x to 0.8 x possible, as in the case of the RE Macro Auto Topcor 58 mm lens.

e. Macro Topcor 135 mm f/4 Lens + Focusing Extension Tube
This combination on the IC-1 is used for macrophotography from 0.13x to 0.37 x, when the camera must be used at some distance from the subject.

CLICK HERE FOR SPECIFICATIONS OF MACRO LENSES

Other TOPCON Super accessories which can be used with the RE Mount Adapter are--

f. Extension Tube Set
This set of three different length tubes can be used in place of the Model IV Bellows for providing rigid extensions of the lens or for additional extension. Tubes can be used singly or in combination.
g. Automatic Extension Tube
This accessory will provide semi-automatic lens diaphragm action to the bellow-extended RE. Auto-Topcor lenses in macro photography, when used with a TOPCON double cable release.
h. Slide-Copying Attachment, Model II
Used for duplications of color transparencies, as well as production of black-and-white negatives from color slides; used attached to the Model IV Bellows.
I. Macro-Stand Attachment
Provides a fixed stage for placing small objects to be photographed at predetermined scales of reproduction; used attached to the Model IV Bellows, in a vertical set-up.
j Microscope Attachment, Model III
Two-piece, rigid and non-adjustable attachment for use in low magnification photomicrography.
k. Microscope Bellow Attachment
Non-rigid bellows used for high magnification photomicrography, with the camera supported on the TOPCON copying stand.

9. 2x Auto Tele Converter

Three element tele converter designed exclusively for use with the 100 mm f/4, 135 mm f/4 and 200mm f/4 Topcor telephoto lenses, with these lenses being extended 2x or to 200 mm, 270 mm and 400 mm focal lengths respectively.

There is no loss of automatic exposure op erations or full aperture exposure measurements, when this accessory is used between the camera lens and camera body.

1. Store your equipment in a cool, dry and well ventilated place, away from humidity, salty air, dust, extremely high or low temperatures - and corrosive fumes.
2. When storing the camera, take it out of its leather case, release the shutter, revolve the focusing ring to infinity, wrap the camera in a dry and soft lint-free cotton cloth and pack in a tin-lined container, with lots of desiccant, such as silica gel. Store other equipment in similar manner.
3. Take the equipment out once in a while, during long periods of storage, and give them an airing, when the weather is cool and dry.

Cleaning
1. Use a rubber-ball blower or a soft hair brush to eliminate dust from the equipment and then wipe clean with a soft lint-free cotton cloth.

2. Do not clean the lens too often. Wipe gently with a lens tissue, after first getting rid of the dust, as noted. If further cleaning is required, lightly dip the tip of a lint-free cloth into plain water, or pure grain alcohol, or a mixture of alcohol and ether (4: 1 ratio) and wipe gently with a circular motion. Do not rub but wipe gently as many times as required.

3. Use a rubber-ball blower for cleaning the inside of the camera, including reflex mirror and pressure plate. Never wipe with lens tissue or cloth.

4. Do not use silicone cloth or silicone-treated eyeglass cleaning tissue paper for cleaning the lens surface because they might leave a coating.

5. Use clean brushes, too. If you touch them with your fingers, clean them before use, as you will simply transfer oil from your fingers to the brush and then to the lens surface.

Batteries
1. Exchange the batteries in the manner noted initially when inserting new batteries.

2. The batteries can be used for about a year with normal usage. or for taking about 100 rolls of 36 exposure films. To be on the safe side, therefore, exchange them annually or check the camera if it has not been used for a long period and/or before going on important shooting trips.
Since the camera has an electronically controlled focal plane shutter, the shutter will not function properly (and the exposure meter will also not work) if the batteries are exhausted. Therefore, set the shutter speed ring to B (bulb) and depress the shutter release button. If the shutter is functioning properly, the sound of the first shutter curtain speeding across will be heard initially, with the sound of the second curtain movement only being heard when pressure is lifted from the shutter button.
If no sound is heard when the finger is lifted from the button, therefore, the shutter is not functioning properly and the batteries should be replaced.

3. When storing equipment, take the batteries out of the camera and store them in a dry location, too.

4. Do not take the batteries apart, play with them, hit them or throw them into the fire as they may explode.

5. Use round mercury batteries of 1.3 volts each, such as H-C (Toshiba), PX-675 or EPX-675 (Eveready), PX-675 (Mallory) and RPX-675 (Ray-o-Vac). (Webmaster: check my main page and see what replacements can be found for mercury batteries)

6. Do not use 1.5 volt silver oxide batteries which can, also, be inserted into the battery compartment, as readings will be under-exposed.

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